Auto-antonym: words that are their own antonyms
An auto-antonym (sometimes spelled autantonym), or contronym (also spelled contranym), is a word with a homograph (another word of the same spelling) that is also an antonym (a word with the opposite meaning). Variant names include antagonym, Janus word (afterthe Roman god), enantiodrome, self-antonym, antilogy, addad (Arabic, singular didd). It is a word with multiple meanings, one of which is defined as the reverse of one of its other meanings. This phenomenon is also called enantiosemy, enantionymy or antilogy.
Examples:
- “All but” can mean “except for” or “almost entirely”.
- “Apparent” can mean “obvious” or “seeming, but in fact not.”
- “Awful” can mean “worthy of awe” or “very bad.”
- “Besides” means “other than; except for; instead of”, but can also mean “in addition (to).”
- “Buckle” can mean “fasten securely” as in “buckle your seat belt”, or it can mean “collapse by bending” as in “buckle under pressure.”
- “Check” can mean “an amount of money given to an individual” (e.g. a paycheck) or “an amount of money an individual owes to another party” (e.g. at a restaurant).
- “Chuffed” can mean “displeased; disgruntled” or “pleased; satisfied.”
- “Citation” can mean “commendation” or a “summons to appear in court.”
- “To cleave” can mean “to cling” or “to split.”
- “Custom” can mean “standard” (shorthand for customary) or “tailored.”
- “Discursive” can mean “covering a wide field of subjects; rambling” or “proceeding to a conclusion through reason rather than intuition.”
- “Down” can mean both “good” (as in “The wine goes down.”) and miserable.
- “To dust” can mean to remove dust (cleaning a house) or to add dust (dust a cake with powdered sugar).
- “Egregious” can mean “outstandingly bad” or in archaic writing “remarkably good.”
- “Enjoin” can mean “command” and “forbid.”
- “Fast” can mean “moving quickly” as in “running fast,” or it can mean “not moving” as in “stuck fast.”
- “To fight with someone” can mean “to fight against someone” or “to fight alongside someone.”
- “For” as a preposition can mean to be “in favor of” (“I’m for peace”) or “against” (“take aspirin for a headache”).
- “To go off” can mean “begin to make a sound” (“the alarm went off”) or “stop operating” (“the alarm will go off after one minute”).
- “Impregnable” can mean “able to be impregnated” or “incapable of being entered.”
- “Inflammable” technically means “capable of burning” but is commonly used to mean “unburnable”.
- “Left” can mean “to depart” or “to remain.”
- “Literally” can mean “word for word, not metaphorically or idiomatically”, but is also often used informally as an intensifier for figurative statements, ending up roughly synonymous with “virtually, figuratively.”
- “Near miss” used to mean “to barely miss”, but literally means “to hit”.
- “Nonplussed” can mean (of a person) “surprised and confused so much that they are unsure how to react”, but is often used informally as “not disconcerted; unperturbed.”
- “Off” can mean “deactivated” as in “to turn off”, or it can mean “activated” as in “the alarm went off.”
- “Original” can mean “first” as in “the original painting” or something completely new “an original work”
- “Out” can mean “available” as in “the latest model is out” or “unavailable” as in “Sorry, we’re out”.
- “To overlook” can mean “to inspect” or “to fail to notice.”
- “Oversight” (uncountable) means “supervision”, “an oversight” (countable) means “not noticing something.”
- “To peruse” can mean “to examine in detail”, or “to look over in a cursory manner.”
- “Radical” can mean “related to roots or origins” such as “radical leaves” or “breaking from tradition” as in “political radicals.”
- “Ravel” can mean to combine thread or to separate it.
- “Refrain” means both non-action and the repetition of an action, e.g. in musical notation.
- “To rent” can mean “to borrow from” or “to lend to.”
- “Resigned” can mean “to have signed again” or “to have quit”. The former is sometimes hyphenated as re-signed.
- “To sanction” can mean “to permit” or “to punish.”
- “To screen” can mean to show or to hide.
- “Shelled” can mean “having a shell” or “has had the shell removed.”
- “To skin” means “to cover with skin” (as in to skin a drum) as well as “to strip or peel off” (as in to skin an animal).
- “Snuff” can mean a specific kind of tobacco, as well as to inhale it, and to extinguish.
- “To stay” can mean “to remain in a specific place, to postpone” or “to guide direction, movement.”
- “Stem-winder” means “a rousing political speech” but can also mean “a long, boring speech.”
- “To stint” means “to stop”, but the noun “stint” refers to the interval of work between stops.
- “Strike” can mean “eliminate” (“to strike from the record”) or “to secure” (“to strike an accord”).
- “Strike”, in baseball terms, can mean “to hit the ball” or “to miss the ball.”
- “Stroke” as a verb means “caress” while as a noun, “a forceful hit.”
- “Terrific” can mean “very good” or “very bad.”
- “To toast” can mean to invite praise or to reprimand.
- “Unpacked” can mean full or empty (in reference to boxes, luggage, etc.).
- “Weather” can mean “to endure” or “to disintegrate.”
- “Weedy” can mean “overgrown” (“The garden is weedy”) or stunted (“The boy looks weedy”).
- “Wicked” can mean “evil or morally wrong”, or can colloquially mean “excellent.”